HOW AND WHY NATURAL DISASTERS OCCUR? ARE WE ABE TO CURB THEM ?

1.   Geological : volcanic eruptions, sinkholes, earthquakes

2.    Hydrological: floods, tsunamis.

3.    Meteorological : extreme weather such as rain, cyclonic storms, hailstorms, tornadoes

4.   Wildfires : natural disasters that occur naturally due to droughts and lightning but are also often caused by humans,

5.    Space disasters impact events of meteors or asteroids and solar flare. Impact events mean that the earth will be eventually hit by a meteor or asteroid.

Causes for Natural Disasters

1.   Global warming                                          

2.   Natural activities in the earth’s crust

3.   Tectonic movement                                        

4.   Moon activity moon has the potential to cause huge earthquakes which may cause huge amounts of destruction and death

5.   Mining

6.    Deforestation

7.   Soil erosion:  high level of degradation of land, which can lead to loss in fertility

8.   Seismic activity: inside our earth can cause earthquakes

9.   Air pressure :

10.                11. Ocean currents

11.               Pollution

Effects of Natural Disasters

1.   Environmental issues

2.   Humanitarian crisis

3.   Damages to infrastructure

4.   Public health issues and diseases

5.   Food scarcity

6.    Water scarcity

7.   Displaced population

8.   Injuries

9.   Fatalities

10.                Emotional shocks

11.                Economic impact

 

Solutions to the Natural Disasters Problem

1.   Emergency measures

2.   Investments in risk reduction

3.   Information sharing on newest research findings

4.   Reforestation

5.   Stable buildings

6.    Education

7.   Technology

8.   Governance

9.   Economic support

Effects of Earthquakes:

§  The reason the loss of human life due to fall down of buildings.

§  Transport is exaggerated due to the distraction of road systems.

§  Infrastructure like buildings, dams, and bridges develop cracks due to earthquakes.

§  Earthquakes have economic effects like a setback in trade and agriculture.

§  Problems begin due to deficiency of electricity

 

1.       Formative stage } 2. Immature stage } 3. Mature stage } 4. Decay stage

2.        

BENEFITS OF CYCLONES

3.       Bring precipitation. Rainfall increases groundwater and the water levels of dams that provide drinking water, irrigation water and power generation.

4.       2. Rains mean water for plants. About 50% of our water supply comes from rainfall brought by tropical cyclones.

5.       3. Decreases the level of pollutants.

6.       4. Tropical cyclones also help maintain the global heat balance by moving warm, moist tropical air to the middle latitudes and polar regions.

7.        5. The storm surge and winds of hurricanes may be destructive to human-made structures, but they also stir up the waters of coastal estuaries, which are typically important fish breeding locales.

8.       6. Tropical cyclone destruction spurs redevelopment, greatly increasing local property values.

9.        

 TROPICAL cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or squalls.

§  Transfer of water vapour and heat from the warm ocean to overlying air occurred primarily by evaporation from the surface of the sea.

§  Warm, moist air rises, it expands and cools, quickly and become saturated and released latent heat due to the condensation of water vapour.

§  Results in column of air in core of developing disturbance is warmed and moistened.  The temperature difference is formed between the warm, rising air and the cooler environment that causes air to become buoyant and enhance its upward movement

§  If the surface of the sea is too cool then there will not be enough heat available and the rate of evaporation will be low to provide fuel to the tropical cyclone. Even the supply of energy will also be cut off due to warm surface water layer is not enough deep.

§  It happens because the tropical system modifies the underlying ocean. The sea surface becomes cool due to the falling of the rain from the deep convective clouds and the strong winds in the centre if the storm will further create turbulence. If this resulting mixing brings cool water from below the surface layer to the surface, the fuel supply for the tropical system will be removed.

§